Varicose Veins Discussion

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The normal function of leg veins is to carry blood back to the heart. During walking activity, the calf muscle acts as a pump, compressing the leg veins and forcing blood back towards the heart.To prevent blood from going in the wrong direction, veins have one-way valves valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards down the leg. If the valves are faulty (a condition known as valvular incompetence), blood flows back into superficial veins and down the leg. This process is known as reflux. Reflux results in veins enlarging and becoming varicose. Once veins become varicose, they lose their ability to snap back into their correct shape, and become more plastic rather than elastic. Varicose veins unfortunately cannot heal themselves, and this condition is either stabilized with compression hose, or managed with one of the vein treatment plans. The greater saphenous vein is one of the most frequently damaged veins that leads to varicose veins in the leg.

Who is at risk for varicose veins?

There are numerous risk factors for varicose veins. These risks include a family history of varicose veins, obesity, pregnancy, hormonal changes at menopause, work that requires prolonged standing or sitting, and past vein diseases such as phlebitis (inflammation of a superficial vein) or deep venous thrombosis (blood clot in the deeper veins). Women also tend to suffer from varicose veins more than men. In addition, varicose veins can appear after trauma to the area.

What are the symptoms of varicose veins?

Varicose veins may cause aching of the legs. The ankles, calf and feet may swell towards day's end, especially in hot weather. Varicose veins can become sore and inflamed, causing redness of the skin around them. Skin changes from long standing vein problems include thickening of the skin, a brown discoloration, red rashes, and skin infections. Some patients with severe vein problems can develop sores on the ankles, known as venous ulceration. These are often difficult to heal, and can be helped by treating the underlying vein problem to prevent the reflux that led to the ulceration.

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